This webpage contains links to Mplus code for testing different configurations of mediation, moderation and moderated-mediation models.
For each model I have provided conceptual and statistical model diagrams, the model equations, and most relevantly, the Mplus code for the requisite DEFINE:, ANALYSIS:, MODEL:, and OUTPUT: principal commands, as well as a preceding USEVARIABLES: subcommand that lists my hypothetical variables. To apply these examples to your data you will need to write the DATA: and VARIABLE: commands and change my hypothetical variable names to match yours.
Mplus is a latent variable modeling program with a wide variety of analysis capabilities. The program allows you to do exploratory factor analysis, multilevel analysis, complex survey data analysis, Bayesian analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, item response theory analysis and mixture modeling (latent class analysis). Trial download for version 22.0. IBM® SPSS® Amos gives you the power to easily perform structural equation modeling (SEM). Using SEM, you can quickly create models to test hypotheses and confirm relationships among observed and latent variables - moving beyond regression to gain additional insight. For more than 40 years, organizations of all. Download MPlus for Windows to apply SMS and Auto-reply to your messages. Operating Systems. Operating Systems Windows 95, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows.
The majority of these models correspond in type (and numbering system) to the configurations listed and indexed by Andrew Hayes in the documentation for versions 2 and 3 of his SPSS/SAS PROCESS macro and in his seminal text Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis (Hayes, 2013, 2017), which I strongly recommend reading as a primer before undertaking such analyses. For v3 of PROCESS (and the 2nd edition of his book), Andrew removed the models with 3+ moderators - but I have retained the code for them below.
HOWEVER - note that Mplus, whilst obviously requiring extra labour and skills, provides a completely flexible modelling environment that enables you to test unlimited configurations of moderation and mediation, not just the set of PROCESS model types.
Mplus will also categorize people into a single class using the same kind of rule. Mplus creates an output file which contains the original data used in the analysis (i.e., item1 to item9) followed by the probability that Mplus estimates that the observation belongs to Class 1, Class2, and Class 3. Jul 28, 2011 Mplus Version 6.11 Base Program and Mixture Add-On Update. Mplus Version 6.11 Base Program and Mixture Add-On Update is now available free for users of Mplus Base Program and Mixture Add-On versions 3.0 or greater whose Mplus Product Support and Upgrade Contract is still current.
Specifically, unlike the PROCESS macro, Mplus can:
- Handle models with multiple outcomes
- Handle infinite combinations of mediators and moderators, and serial mediation chains of infinite length
- Fit models with different variable types
- Fit mediation models with latent variables (i.e. SEM type models). Hence for each example of Mplus model code demonstrated below I have also produced the code required for when constructs are measured by latent variables as opposed to observed variables.
Also unlike the PROCESS macro, the Mplus code for testing mediation and moderation is directly extendable into scenarios where the data structure is multilevel. For a few examples and some great papers regarding multilevel mediation modelling, see Kris Preacher's website. But my best advice is to try to understand the code I have provided as well as copying it - that way you will soon learn how to adapt it to your own ends...
Of course, the downside of all this potential and flexibility is that you need to be able to program in Mplus to take advantage of it... that's where this webpage comes in! In fact, I would argue that performing mediation and moderation model testing in Mplus is advantageous to you, the researcher, in the long-run, since the programming forces you to understand the method properly - and thus makes it easier to write up your work and spot conceptual mistakes in your model.
However, whilst this website will help you write and understand the model code required, the code and guidance given is designed for people with some basic previous knowledge of Mplus. Before trying to use this code you will need beginner's Mplus skills, specifically knowing how to read your data into Mplus, how missing data is coded and treated, how models are estimated, how different outcome distributions are specified, how the BY, ON, WITH, and XWITH statements, and the @ and () symbols work, and how MODEL CONSTRAINT: enables functions of parameters to be tested.
To that end (shameless plug time!) I run occasional public courses on the basics of Mplus and on testing mediation, moderation and moderated-mediation models using Mplus or SPSS, and also offer these on an inhouse basis - though there are one or two good books on Mplus (I recommend Christian Geiser's 'Data Analysis with Mplus'), and a few other course providers run similar intro courses. Note also that fromJuly 2016, statmodel.com (the programmers of Mplus) will be selling a book outlining the Mplus coding for various regression scenarios, including mediation models.
Anyway, I hope that you find this code helpful. Corrections to any code errors are very much welcomed. Best of luck with your analyses.
These pages were developed by Dr Chris Stride, with assistance from Sarah Gardner (programming/checking), Nick Catley (equation expansion/checking) and Ffion Thomas (diagram drawing, based on the original PROCESS diagrams by Andrew Hayes).
Please cite this page and/or any code used if it has been of use to you in published research, or for PhD students, your thesis. The citation to use is:
Stride C.B., Gardner S., Catley. N. & Thomas, F.(2015) 'Mplus code for mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation models', http://www.offbeat.group.shef.ac.uk/FIO/mplusmedmod.htm
Model Template Selection
The model code examples 1-92, which are indexed and linked to below, match the equivalently numbered models associated with Andrew Hayes’ PROCESS macro, v2 and v3, though with two adaptations:
- First, where Andrew Hayes’ PROCESS templates specify a model and equation generalised from 1 to multiple mediators, then, for the purposes of providing specific example code in Mplus that matches a diagram, my code and diagrams have been written for a model with 2 mediators in mediator-only models (4 and 6) and 1 mediator in moderated mediation models (though the code could, of course, be edited to extend to as many mediators as is desired).
- Second, all my models and code exclude covariates - though of course these could easily be added by specifying them as predictors of the outcome and mediators by adding extra ON statements.
You can select the appropriate model to match the analysis you wish to perform by browsing the descriptions of the configurations in the Model Index table below and then clicking on the 'Link to code' column.
Mplus Trial Version Free
Further model configurations (over and above the PROCESS v2 and v3 'set' of 92) that I have written code for are numbered from 500 onwards.
Model Index
All models have one primary IV and one DV. For the purposes of the calculation of indirect effects and conditional effects:
- The primary IV (variable X) is assumed to be continuous or dichotomous (or, for the latent variable model versions, a continuous factor)
- Moderators (variables W,V,Q,Z) are assumed to be continuous (or, for the latent variable model versions, continuous factors), though the only adaptation required to handle observed dichotomous moderators is in MODEL CONSTRAINT: and loop plot code - an example of how to do this is given for model 1 (simple moderation)
- Mediators (variable M, or M1, M2, etc. in the multiple mediator examples) are assumed to be continuous (or, for the latent variable model versions, continuous factors)
- The DV (variable Y) is assumed to be continuous (or, for the latent variable model versions, a continuous factor) and to satisfy the assumptions of standard multiple regression - an example of how to handle an observed dichotomous DV is given for model 1 (i.e. a moderated logistic regression) and for model 4 (i.e. an indirect effect in a logistic regression).
If you would rather look through all the models at once, or need to work offline, then rather than using the index and individual files below, you can instead download the index and files as a pdf file (large!).
A final note - we have found that the more complex models can take a considerable amount of time to run (upwards of an hour), especially when bootstrapping is used (we tested the models using a relatively powerful laptop with an 8i processor). Mplus also struggles to fit models (i.e. you get convergence failures) where measures are on scales with high variance - where this is the case, rescaling predictors, e.g., standardising them, usually solves the problem.
| Model number | Arrangement of mediators and moderators | Number of distinct mediators | Number of distinct moderators | Code for observed variable example | Code for latent variable example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | 1 moderator [BASIC MODERATION], continuous moderator | 0 | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 1b | 1 moderator [BASIC MODERATION], dichotomous moderator | 0 | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 1c | 1 moderator [BASIC MODERATION], dichotomous moderator (using multigroup method) | 0 | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 1d | 1 moderator [BASIC MODERATION], categorical moderator with > 2 categories | 0 | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 1e | 1 moderator [BASIC MODERATION], dichotomous outcome (logistic regression) | 0 | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 2 | 2 moderators, 2-way interactions with predictor only | 0 | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 3 | 2 moderators, all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 0 | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 4a | 1 mediator [BASIC MEDIATION] | 1 | 0 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 4b | 2 mediators in parallel [BASIC MEDIATION] | 1+ | 0 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 4c | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1) [BASIC MEDIATION], dichotomous mediator | 1+ | 0 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 4d | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1) [BASIC MEDIATION], dichotomous outcome | 1+ | 0 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 5 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple, 1 moderator of direct IV-DV path only | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 6 | 2 or more mediators, in series (example uses 2) | 2+ | 0 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 7 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 1 moderator of IV-Mediator path only | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 8 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 1 moderator moderating both the IV-Mediator path and direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 9 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating the IV-Mediator path only | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 10 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating both the IV- Mediator path and direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 11 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating the IV-Mediator path only, all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 12 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating the IV-Mediator path and direct IV-DV path, all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 13 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating the IV- Mediator path, 3-way interaction, 1 also moderating direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 14 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 1 moderator of Mediator-DV path only | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 15 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 1 moderator of both Mediator-DV and direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 16 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating the Mediator-DV path only | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 17 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating both the Mediator-DV and direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 18 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating the Mediator-DV path only, all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 19 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators both moderating the Mediator-DV path and direct IV-DV path, all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 20 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating the Mediator- DV path, 3-way interaction, 1 also moderating direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 21 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 22 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path and direct IV-DV path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 23 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 24 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and direct IV-DV path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 25 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating the IV-Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 26 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 27 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating the IV-Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, one of which also moderates the direct IV-DV path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 28 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path and direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 29 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path, both moderating the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 30 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 1 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 31 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 1 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 32 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating the IV-Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 33 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 34 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 2 moderating the IV-Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, one of which also moderates the direct IV-DV path, 1 moderating the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 35 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 36 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 37 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 38 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the IV-DV path, with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 39 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating the IV-Mediator path, 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 of which also moderates the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 40 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 41 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 42 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 43 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 44 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 3 moderators, 1 moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 of which also moderates the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 3 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 45 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 46 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 47 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 48 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 49 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate both the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 50 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path, with the other 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 51 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate both the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 52 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 53 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate both the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 54 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path, with the other 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 55 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate both the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating the Mediator-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 56 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate the IV- Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 57 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 4 moderators, 2 of which moderate both the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, with the other 2 moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 4 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 58 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 1 moderators, which moderates both the IV- Mediator path and the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 59 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 1 moderators, which moderates all of the IV-Mediator path, the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 1 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 60 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the IV- Mediator path, 1 of which also moderates the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 61 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the IV- Mediator path, 1 of which also moderates both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 62 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the IV- Mediator path, 1 of which also moderates the Mediator-DV path, the with the other moderating the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 63 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, 1 of which also moderates the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 64 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the Mediator-DV path, 1 of which also moderates the IV-Mediator path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 65 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the Mediator-DV path, 1 of which also moderates both the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 66 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the Mediator-DV path, 1 of which also moderates the IV-Mediator path, the with the other moderating the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 67 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path, 1 of which also moderates the IV-Mediator path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 68 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating the IV- Mediator path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 of which also moderates the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 69 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both of the IV-Mediator path and the direct IV-DV path, with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 of which also moderates the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 70 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating the Mediator- DV path with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 of which also moderates the IV-Mediator path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 71 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both of the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path, with all 2-way and 3-way interactions, 1 of which also moderates the IV-Mediator path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 72 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the Mediator-DV path, with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 73 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating each of the IV-Mediator path, the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path, with all 2-way and 3-way interactions | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 74 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), IV also moderates the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | (1) | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 75 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating both the IV- Mediator path and the Mediator-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 76 | 1 or more mediators, in parallel if multiple (example uses 1), 2 moderators, both moderating each of the IV-Mediator path, the Mediator-DV path and the direct IV-DV path | 1+ | 2 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 80 | 3 or more mediators, both in parallel and in series | 3+ | 0 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 81 | 3 or more mediators, both in parallel and in series | 3+ | 0 | Mplus code | Mplus code |
| 82 | 4 or more mediators, both in parallel and in series (parallel serial paths) | 4+ | 0 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 83 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating the IV-first mediator path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 84 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating both IV-first mediator path and IV-second mediator path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 85 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating the IV-first mediator path, IV-second mediator path, and the direct IV-DV path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 86 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating the IV-first mediator path and the direct IV-DV path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 87 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating the second mediator-DV path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 88 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating both the first mediator-DV and the second mediator-DV paths | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 89 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating the direct IV-DV path, the first mediator-DV path, and the second mediator-DV path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 90 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating both the direct IV-DV path and the second mediator-DV path | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 91 | 2 or more mediators, in series, 1 moderator moderating path between mediators | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 92 | 2 or more mediators in series, 1 moderator, moderating all of the direct IV-DV path, IV-first mediator path, IV-second mediator path, first mediator-DV path, second mediator-DV path, and the path between mediators | 2+ | 1 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 501 | 1 mediator, multiple focal predictors | 1 | 0 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 502 | 1 mediator, multiple focal outcomes | 1 | 0 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 503 | 1 mediator, predictor has non-linear effect on mediator and outcome | 1 | 0 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
| 504 | 3 or more mediators, both in parallel and in series, 2 moderators, 1 moderating paths between predictor and mediator, the second moderating paths between mediators, and between mediator and DV | 3+ | 2 | Mplus code | Coming soon |
IBM SPSS Amos structural equation modeling
IBM® SPSS® Amos is a powerful structural equation modeling (SEM) software helping support your research and theories by extending standard multivariate analysis methods, including regression, factor analysis, correlation and analysis of variance. Build attitudinal and behavioral models reflecting complex relationships more accurately than with standard multivariate statistics techniques using either an intuitive graphical or programmatic user interface. Amos is included in the Premium edition of SPSS Statistics (except in Campus Edition, where it is sold separately). You can also buy Amos as part of the Base, Standard and Professional editions of SPSS Statistics, or separately as a stand-alone application. For Windows only.
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Enter a model into a spreadsheet-like table (no programming required).
Access to a range of features
SPSS Amos includes a range of features like Bayesian estimation, latent class analysis and more.
Structural equation modeling
Use structural equation modeling and path analysis to understand latent variables.
Compare different SPSS Statistics editions
SPSS Amos is available only with the traditional on-premises license option. Compare various editions to see how you can purchase Amos.
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